هُوَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَكُمْ خَلَـٰٓئِفَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ فَمَن كَفَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كُفْرُهُۥ ۖ وَلَا يَزِيدُ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ كُفْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَّا مَقْتًا ۖ وَلَا يَزِيدُ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ كُفْرُهُمْ إِلَّا خَسَارًا 39
Translations
It is He who has made you successors upon the earth. And whoever disbelieves - upon him will be [the consequence of] his disbelief. And the disbelief of the disbelievers does not increase them in the sight of their Lord except in hatred; and the disbelief of the disbelievers does not increase them except in loss.
Transliteration
Huwa alladhee jaʿalakum khalāʾifa fī al-arḍ, famman kafara faʿalayhi kufruh, wa lā yazīdu al-kāfirīn kufruhum ʿinda rabbihim illā maqtan, wa lā yazīdu al-kāfirīn kufruhum illā khusāran.
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah emphasizes that Allah has appointed humans as successors/stewards (khalāʾif) on earth, bearing responsibility for their actions. The verse establishes a crucial principle: disbelief harms only the disbeliever themselves—their rejection of faith increases nothing but hatred from their Lord and results in loss in both worlds. As Ibn Kathir explains, the repetition of the statement about disbelief's consequences underscores its severity and certainty.
Revelation Context
Surah Fatir is Meccan and addresses fundamental theological concepts. This ayah appears in the context of discussions about creation, divine providence, and human accountability. It serves as a warning to those who rejected the message in Mecca, emphasizing that their disbelief neither harms Allah nor diminishes His dominion, but rather seals their own fate.
Related Hadiths
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Each of you is a guardian and each of you is responsible for those under his guardianship' (Sahih Bukhari 893), relating to the concept of khalīfah (stewardship). Also relevant is: 'The best of you are those who are best to their families, and I am the best among you to my family' (Jami' at-Tirmidhi 3895), emphasizing responsibility as successors.
Themes
Key Lesson
Believers should recognize their role as stewards on earth with accountability before Allah, while understanding that rejection of faith ultimately harms only the rejecter—this should inspire both humility in our responsibilities and confidence in the truth. The ayah teaches that our choices have consequences we cannot escape, and genuine success lies in faith and obedience rather than in rebellion against divine guidance.
Related Ayahs
وَلَوْ يُؤَاخِذُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّاسَ بِمَا كَسَبُوا۟ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَىٰ ظَهْرِهَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ وَلَـٰكِن يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ۖ فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَجَلُهُمْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِۦ بَصِيرًۢا
And if Allāh were to impose blame on the people for what they have earned, He would not leave upon it [i.e., the earth] any creature. But He defers them for a specified term. And when their time comes, then indeed Allāh has ever been, of His servants, Seeing.
وَمَا ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ
And that is for Allāh not difficult.
وَأَقْسَمُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَـٰنِهِمْ لَئِن جَآءَهُمْ نَذِيرٌ لَّيَكُونُنَّ أَهْدَىٰ مِنْ إِحْدَى ٱلْأُمَمِ ۖ فَلَمَّا جَآءَهُمْ نَذِيرٌ مَّا زَادَهُمْ إِلَّا نُفُورًا
And they swore by Allāh their strongest oaths that if a warner came to them, they would be more guided than [any] one of the [previous] nations. But when a warner came to them, it did not increase them except in aversion
إِنْ أَنتَ إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ
You, [O Muḥammad], are not but a warner.