ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا۟ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا۟ ثُمَّ جَـٰهَدُوا۟ وَصَبَرُوٓا۟ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ 110
Translations
Then, indeed your Lord, to those who emigrated after they had been compelled [to say words of disbelief] and thereafter fought [for the cause of Allāh] and were patient - indeed, your Lord, after that, is Forgiving and Merciful
Transliteration
Thumma inna rabbaka lilladhina hajarou min ba'di maa futinoo thumma jaahadoo wa sabaroo inna rabbaka min ba'diha lghafourun raheem
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah assures believers who migrated after facing persecution (fitnah), then strove in jihad and remained patient, that Allah's mercy and forgiveness follow them. Classical scholars like Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari interpret this as Divine reassurance that sincere repentance and perseverance after trial erase past weaknesses, emphasizing that Allah's mercy encompasses those who turn to Him after moments of wavering faith during persecution.
Revelation Context
This ayah addresses the specific historical context of early Muslims who faced severe persecution in Mecca before the migration to Medina. It provides solace to those who initially succumbed to pressure but later demonstrated steadfastness through hijrah (migration) and jihad, reflecting the Meccan period's emphasis on endurance during tribulation.
Related Hadiths
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: 'The best jihad is a word of justice before a tyrannical ruler' (Sunan Ibn Majah and Sunan At-Tirmidhi). Additionally, Hadith Qudsi emphasizes Allah's mercy: 'My mercy precedes My wrath' (Sahih Bukhari and Muslim), directly supporting this ayah's theme of Divine forgiveness.
Themes
Key Lesson
Believers who stumble during persecution but subsequently migrate spiritually or physically and persevere with patience find Allah's boundless forgiveness and compassion waiting for them. This teaches that sincere effort to return to righteousness, even after momentary weakness, opens pathways to Divine mercy and redemption.