لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ فِى كَبَدٍ 4
Translations
We have certainly created man into hardship.
Transliteration
Laqad khalaqna al-insana fi kabad
Tafsir (Explanation)
Allah has created mankind in hardship and struggle (kabad). Classical scholars like Ibn Kathir and Al-Qurtubi interpret 'kabad' (كبد) to mean toil, labor, and difficulty—referring both to the physical hardships of human existence and the spiritual struggle inherent in life. This ayah establishes that struggle is not an anomaly but rather the fundamental nature of human existence, a test and trial ordained by Allah.
Revelation Context
This ayah appears in Surah Al-Balad, a Meccan chapter that addresses human nature and destiny. The surah contextually responds to those who claim they have great wealth and power, reminding them that Allah has created all humans—rich and poor—in a state of struggle and need, emphasizing equality before Allah and the reality of human vulnerability.
Related Hadiths
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: 'The best of you are those who are best to their families, and I am the best among you to my family' (Tirmidhi 3895), connecting to the theme of fulfilling responsibilities despite life's difficulties. Additionally, the hadith 'No soul will taste death except at its appointed time' (Sunan Ibn Majah 4272) complements the theme of predetermined human trials.
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches us that experiencing hardship, difficulty, and struggle in life is not a punishment or sign of divine displeasure, but rather the natural condition of human existence designed by Allah. Understanding this helps believers maintain patience (sabr), seek Allah's help, and recognize that striving through difficulties is part of our purpose and test in this world.