وَمَا تَفَرَّقُوٓا۟ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلْعِلْمُ بَغْيًۢا بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِن رَّبِّكَ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى لَّقُضِىَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَإِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ أُورِثُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِمْ لَفِى شَكٍّ مِّنْهُ مُرِيبٍ 14
Translations
And they did not become divided until after knowledge had come to them - out of jealous animosity between themselves. And if not for a word that preceded from your Lord [postponing the penalty] until a specified time, it would have been concluded between them. And indeed, those who were granted inheritance of the Scripture after them are, concerning it, in disquieting doubt.
Transliteration
Wa mā tafarraqū illā min ba'da mā jāahumu al-'ilmu baghyan baynahum. Wa lawlā kalimah sabaqat min rabbika ilā ajal musammā laqudiya baynahum. Wa inna alladhīna ūrithū al-kitāba min ba'dihim lafī shakkin minhu murīb.
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah addresses the reality that people of earlier scriptures divided into sects not out of ignorance, but from envious rivalry (baghy) after knowledge came to them. The verse explains that only Allah's prior decree delaying final judgment prevented immediate punishment for their divisions. Classical scholars like Al-Tabari note this refers particularly to the People of the Book (Jews and Christians) who split into various groups despite receiving clear revelation, and warns that subsequent generations who inherited the Scripture remain in grave doubt and uncertainty about it.
Revelation Context
This ayah is part of Surah Ash-Shuraa, a Meccan surah addressing the universal pattern of human religious sectarianism. The broader context discusses how Allah sent Messengers with clear Signs, yet people divided into parties even after receiving knowledge. This ayah specifically illustrates how doctrinal divisions among Jews and Christians arose from worldly motives rather than lack of clarity, serving as a warning to the Muslim community to maintain unity.
Related Hadiths
The Prophet (ﷺ) warned: 'My ummah will divide into seventy-three sects, all of them in the Fire except one' (Sunan Ibn Majah and Sunan At-Tirmidhi). Additionally, the hadith emphasizing consultation (shura) in Surah 42's opening verses relates to preventing such divisions through proper community deliberation.
Themes
Key Lesson
Divisions in religion typically stem not from ignorance but from ego, envy, and worldly interests—believers must guard against letting personal desires override scriptural unity. Additionally, the inheritance of sacred knowledge without inner conviction and sincere belief leads only to doubt and uncertainty rather than spiritual benefit.
Related Ayahs
ٱسْتَجِيبُوا۟ لِرَبِّكُم مِّن قَبْلِ أَن يَأْتِىَ يَوْمٌ لَّا مَرَدَّ لَهُۥ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ مَا لَكُم مِّن مَّلْجَإٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن نَّكِيرٍ
Respond to your Lord before a Day comes from Allāh of which there is no repelling. No refuge will you have that Day, nor for you will there be any denial.
وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ أَوْلِيَآءَ ٱللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍ
And those who take as allies other than Him - Allāh is [yet] Guardian over them; and you, [O Muḥammad], are not over them a manager.
فَاطِرُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَٰجًا وَمِنَ ٱلْأَنْعَـٰمِ أَزْوَٰجًا ۖ يَذْرَؤُكُمْ فِيهِ ۚ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِۦ شَىْءٌ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْبَصِيرُ
[He is] Creator of the heavens and the earth. He has made for you from yourselves, mates, and among the cattle, mates; He multiplies you thereby. There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.
مَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ نَزِدْ لَهُۥ فِى حَرْثِهِۦ ۖ وَمَن كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ ٱلدُّنْيَا نُؤْتِهِۦ مِنْهَا وَمَا لَهُۥ فِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ مِن نَّصِيبٍ
Whoever desires the harvest of the Hereafter - We increase for him in his harvest [i.e., reward]. And whoever desires the harvest [i.e., benefits] of this world - We give him thereof, but there is not for him in the Hereafter any share.