لِّيَغْفِرَ لَكَ ٱللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنۢبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ وَيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُۥ عَلَيْكَ وَيَهْدِيَكَ صِرَٰطًا مُّسْتَقِيمًا 2
Translations
That Allāh may forgive for you what preceded of your sin [i.e., errors] and what will follow and complete His favor upon you and guide you to a straight path
Transliteration
Liyaghfira laka Allahu ma taqaddama min dhanbika wa ma ta'akhkhara wa yutimma ni'matahu 'alayka wa yahdika siratan mustaqiman
Tafsir (Explanation)
This ayah was revealed after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and assures Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) that Allah will forgive his past and future sins, complete His blessings upon him, and guide him to the straight path. Classical scholars like Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari emphasize that this verse is specific to the Prophet and demonstrates Allah's special mercy toward him, while also affirming that the Prophet's struggles and efforts are honored by Divine forgiveness and guidance. The forgiveness encompasses both previous transgressions and those to come, reflecting the Prophet's elevated spiritual station and his role as the final messenger.
Revelation Context
This surah was revealed after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (6 AH), when the Muslims perceived the treaty as a setback despite its later recognition as a great victory. The ayah addresses the Prophet's concerns and anxieties during this period, reassuring him that Allah's plan encompasses his guidance and the completion of his mission. The broader context emphasizes that what appeared as a temporary delay was actually a prelude to greater victories.
Related Hadiths
Sahih Bukhari 4419: The Prophet said, 'The best of you are those who learn the Quran and teach it,' which relates to the guidance mentioned in this ayah. Additionally, Tirmidhi 3706 contains the Prophet's statement about seeking forgiveness, connecting to the theme of divine pardon.
Themes
Key Lesson
This ayah teaches believers that apparent setbacks may be part of Allah's greater plan for success and guidance, and encourages trust in divine wisdom even when circumstances seem unclear. For the Prophet specifically, it demonstrates that sincere effort in serving Allah's cause is met with divine support and completion of blessing.
Related Ayahs
سَيَقُولُ لَكَ ٱلْمُخَلَّفُونَ مِنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ شَغَلَتْنَآ أَمْوَٰلُنَا وَأَهْلُونَا فَٱسْتَغْفِرْ لَنَا ۚ يَقُولُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِم مَّا لَيْسَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ ۚ قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ شَيْـًٔا إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ ضَرًّا أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ نَفْعًۢا ۚ بَلْ كَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًۢا
Those who remained behind of the bedouins will say to you, "Our properties and our families occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us." They say with their tongues what is not within their hearts. Say, "Then who could prevent Allāh at all if He intended for you harm or intended for you benefit? Rather, ever is Allāh, of what you do, Aware.
وَعَدَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـٰذِهِۦ وَكَفَّ أَيْدِىَ ٱلنَّاسِ عَنكُمْ وَلِتَكُونَ ءَايَةً لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَٰطًا مُّسْتَقِيمًا
Allāh has promised you much booty that you will take [in the future] and has hastened for you this [victory] and withheld the hands of people from you - that it may be a sign for the believers and [that] He may guide you to a straight path.
وَأُخْرَىٰ لَمْ تَقْدِرُوا۟ عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَا ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرًا
And [He promises] other [victories] that you were [so far] unable to [realize] which Allāh has already encompassed. And ever is Allāh, over all things, competent.
وَمَن لَّمْ يُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ فَإِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَـٰفِرِينَ سَعِيرًا
And whoever has not believed in Allāh and His Messenger - then indeed, We have prepared for the disbelievers a Blaze.